Théorie de l'activité
Publié le 30/09/2008 à 12:00 par romainb
Theory de l'activité
= L'accent porte sur la mise à disposition d'artefacts fonctionnels (outils et d'instruments), issus de l'évolution historico-culturelle.
(Cf.
http://romainb.centerblog.net/rub-Theorie-de-l-activite.html )
- Stetsenko, A (2005). Activity as object-related:. Resolving the dichotomy of individual and collective. planes of activity. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 12,. 70–88.
(+ Cf.
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/Psychology/developmental/Anna2.htm )
Trialogical learning
= L'accent porte sur la possiblité de création d'objets partagés tels que des outils et des dispositifs instrumentaaux, des pratiques, des produits...). Donc une approche plus libérale de la théorie de l'activité, fortement inspirée par les travaux de Beretweit, Engeström...
(Cf.
http://romainb.centerblog.net/1284087-TRIALOGICAL-LEARNING ).
Exemple d'imbrication des deux façons de voir l'outil...
Ogawa, R. T., Crain, R., Loomis, M. & T. Ball (2008). CHAT-IT: Toward Conceptualizing Learning in the Context of Formal Organizations.
Educational Researcher, 37(2), 83 - 95.
Mediating Artefacts
Relationships between subjects and objects are enabled by the use of mediating artifacts, or tools, which connect subjects to others and to their contexts, thus mediating social interaction, communication, action, and, ultimately, activity. Artifacts can be broadly considered both as tools that are learned and used in activity and as products of activity. Artifacts are both material and symbolic. Material artifacts include physical instruments that subjects employ in an activity (e.g., paper clips, chairs, windows, lecture halls, books). Symbolic artifacts include nonmaterial tools such as language, gesture, number systems, and images; and like their material counterparts, symbolic artifacts both constrain and afford action. Artifacts, both material and symbolic, shape human activity and allow human beings to shape activity. Whereas material tools are primarily a means by which human beings exert influence on the world around them, symbolic tools are “internally oriented” and promote the development of new functions in the brain, allowing human beings to “master themselves” over time (Vygotsky, 1981).
Crain’s (2005) study revealed that artifacts played different roles in the classroom than they did in the science center. While involved in a classroom science activity, students and the teacher made use of and created different artifacts, which mediated the kinds of thinking and interacting that took place in the classroom. Material artifacts in the science classroom included tables with chairs facing the front of the classroom, pencils, a whiteboard, textbooks, and a collection of seeds, weeds, and other plant parts. The presence of these particular resources and conditions influenced how science lessons were conducted and how subjects participated in those lessons. For example, the science class included teacher-initiated demonstrations and small-group projects. The arrangement of the materials in the room supported this classroom’s structure in the same way that the classroom structure indicated the arrangement of materials. Symbolic artifacts such as academic language (“I disagree... because it’s... it’s not only light that is part of photosynthesis” [April 21, 2005]), mathematical representations (“Eukaryotes are typically ten times the size of prokaryotic cells” [May 5, 2005]), and shared cultural scripts about the nature of classroom activity (“We do math in the morning, and science after lunch” [February 24, 2005]; “Don’t interrupt when the teacher is talking, and watch what she is doing” [undated]; “Eyes on me” [February 24, 2005]; “Look up here” [February 24, 2005]; “Stay in your seat” [February 24, 2005]) also shaped, or mediated, science learning activity in this classroom.[/i]
The artifacts found in and created by subjects in the science center tended to be very different from those in the classroom. There were no physical artifacts to encourage sitting, as desks did in the classroom. Instead, the building was designed to promote walking among exhibits and gathering in groups. The space was large and open; there were manipulable exhibits, signs, colorful displays, and living organisms. Subjects employed symbolic artifacts that included “inquiry” language, a set of common gestures, shared cultural scripts that referred to science and scientists, shared ideas or concepts about what constitutes a characteristic (such as “pretty,” “icky,” “baby,” or “daddy”), and strategies for making sense, including the personification of sea mammals (Ash, 2004).
A la recherche de grilles d'analyse des interactions/coordinations instrumentales
= Nous recherchons des critères afin d'évaluer l'évolution quantitative et qualitative des coordinations instrumentales réalisées par les participants lors de leurs propres expérimentations scientifiques...
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Publié le 10/04/2007 à 12:00 par romainb
Publications de A. Stetsenko
http://web.gc.cuny.edu/Psychology/developmental/Anna1.htm
Stetsenko, A (2005). Activity as object-related:. Resolving the dichotomy of individual and collective. planes of activity. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 12,. 70–88.
Stetsenko, A (2004). Introduction to "Tool and Sign in the Development of
the Child", in Vygotsky, Rieber, Robinson, & Bruner (2004), The Essential
Vygotsky, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Scientific
Legacy pp. 501-12
http://lchc.ucsd.edu/MCA/Paper/JuneJuly05/StetsenkoToolSign.pdf
Stetsenko, A (2007). Agency and society: Lessons from the study of social change
http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/content/u41750844jx34765/
Stetsenko, A (2003). Alexander Luria and the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory: Pieces for the History of An Outstanding Collaborative Project in Psychology. Mind & Society, Mind, Culture, and Activity, 10 (1), 93-97.
http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327884MCA1001_10
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Collection de textes = Agentivité, théorie historico-culturelle, et différences culturelles
http://www.agencylab.ku.edu/Agency_and_performance.html
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/activity.html
Publié le 13/03/2007 à 12:00 par romainb
Publié le 07/03/2007 à 12:00 par romainb
(Cf. Leont’ev, 1981 ; Wertsch, 1991 ; Cole & Engeström, 1993)
Pour définir/distinguer : activité, contexte, situation, action (et coaction), opération
http://www.comnet.ca/~pballan/AT2.htm
S ’approprier les TICs pour apprendre -
http://www.gate.cnrs.fr/~zeiliger/LearnNS6.ppt
Béguin, P., & Clot, Y. (2004). L'action située dans le développement de l'activité. @ctivités, 1 (2), 27-49.
http://www.activites.org/v1n2/beguin.fr.pdf
On préférera, plus prosaïquement, regarder le développement comme une répétition poussée au delà de la répétition par le franchissement des contextes qui renouvelle l'activité dirigée (Clot, 1999) : une « répétition sans répétition ». Dans ce cadre, la « bonne forme » serait moins celle de la Gestalt-théorie que celle qui recèle une tension élevée et « se mesure par la quantité d'obstacles qu'elle arrive à vaincre », pour utiliser une formulation de Simondon (1989, p. 53).
On peut conclure avec cette remarque de Shotter et Billig : « en se focalisant sur ce qui est répétable, invariant, hors temps, nous parlons de nous-mêmes comme si nous analysions des événements se produisant indépendamment de nous » (1999, p. 25). Ce n'est jamais le cas. Le répétitif est paradoxalement toujours unique. Au total, il faut peut-être situer l’action dans le développement de l’activité pour lui conserver les vertus de la créativité et de l’inventivité que l’analyse de travail francophone lui reconnaît.
Bibliographie :
- Engeström, Y. (2005). Developmental work research: Expanding activity theory in practice. Berlin: Lehmanns Media.
http://www.edu.helsinki.fi/activity/publications/view/270/
- Engeström, Y., Miettinen, R., Punamäki, R.-L. (Eds). 1999. Perspectives on activity theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.edu.helsinki.fi/activity/publications/view/125/
- Un regroupement de références
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/activity.html
http://www.irit.fr/ACTIVITES/GRIC/cotcos/pjs/TheoreticalApproaches/Actvity/ActivitypaperDecortis.htm#
(à venir)...